WATER TREATMENT AND ANALYSIS UNIT-II 2.1 Clark's …
Water Treatment & Analysis 6 Fig.2 Hot Lime-Soda Process At this temperature, the viscosity of water is much less than that at room temperature. Hence, rate of aggregation of particles increases and there is hardly any need of adding any coagulant. Moreover, the dissolved gases also escape to some extent at the temperature of the
CHEMICAL PRECIPITATION: WATER SOFTENING
Hard water also contributes to inefficient and costly operation of water treatment equipment. Heated hard water forms a scale of calcium and magnesium minerals that can ... In the lime soda ash process, lime is added to raise the pH while sodium carbonate is added to provide a source of carbonate ion. H2CO 3 +Ca (OH )2 → CaCO 3 + 2H2O (1)
Lime-Soda Ash Water Treatment Method
Lime-soda ash treatment is especially effective if a water contains bicarbonate (temporary) hardness. Where calcium and magnesium are primarily in chloride or sulfite compounds, this treatment is noticeably less effective. Slaked lime is used to remove calcium bicarbonate from water. In the water to be treated, the slaked lime ions react with ...
Removal of hardness using natural and synthetic water treatment …
Hardness in drinking water is undesirable, and hardness can be removed by different methods, such as the lime-soda process, reverse osmosis, ion exchange method, distillation, etc. This study attempts to develop a low-cost water filter to remove hardness with the help of various low-cost available materials. Hardness in water is generally high …
Lime soda ash water treatment method | APEC Water
Lime-soda ash treatment becomes increasingly costly when the hardness of the water must be reduced to less than 5 grains. Municipally, the complete elimination of hardness is rarely attempted as less than 5% of a municipality's water is used for home consumption. The use of soda ash for the reduction of non-carbonate hardness increases the ...
Water Softening
treatment process necessary for softening this water is the excess lime process. 3.1. Calculation explanations 3.1.1. Estimate the carbonic acid concentration. Determination …
Lime-Soda Softening Process Modifications for Enhanced …
Certain advancements have been developed for wastewater treatment such as lime‐soda process, magnetic NPs, ozonation, UV radiation, and activated carbon‐based technology. Apart from these ...
Water Handbook
For example, in cold lime treatment of a water containing 110 ppm of calcium, 95 ppm of magnesium, and at least 110 ppm of alkalinity (all expressed as calcium carbonate), calcium could theoretically be reduced to 35 ppm and the magnesium to about 70 ppm. ... For cold lime—soda units, soda ash can be controlled such that: 2(M - P) - Calcium ...
What is the Difference Between Lime Soda Zeolite and Ion …
Lime soda softening is a water treatment process that primarily focuses on reducing the hardness of water. Hard water contains elevated levels of minerals, predominantly calcium and magnesium ions, which can lead to various issues, such as scale formation in pipes and appliances, decreased soap efficiency, and a lack of lather …
Comparative study of lime softening, soda ash process, and
During combined lime softening and soda as treatment, 50 mg/L of Ca(OH) 2 (optimum lime concentration) and 50 mg/L Na 2 CO 3 were added to the groundwater and the results on hardness removal and conductivity removal are shown in Fig. 4. Since lime softening has given optimum hardness removal at 50 mg/L, this concentration is …
Homework 5 solutions
The water defined by the analysis given below is to be softened by excess-lime (and soda ash) treatment. a. Sketch an meq/L bar graph (1 point). b. Calculate the softening chemicals required (3 points). c. Draw a bar graph for the softened water after recarbonation and filtration, assuming that 80% of the alkalinity is in the bicarbonate form ...
CORROSION CONTROL: Using Caustic Soda to Control Corrosion
This problem is particularly true for utilities that use lime for post treatment pH adjustment. Lime adds calcium ions and increases the pH which shifts the distribution of carbonate alkalinity from bicarbonate (HCO3-1) to carbonate (CO3-2) alkalinity. ... Water quality conditions to achieve finished water pH of 7.5 using lime or caustic Soda ...
Lime Softening Calculations
The lime-soda ash water softening process uses lime (Ca(OH) 2), and soda ash (Na 2 CO 3), to precipitate hardness from solution. Carbonate hardness (calcium and magnesium bicarbonates) is complexed by lime. …
USE OF SOFTENING TECHNOLOGIES BASED ON THE LIME SODA …
The main issue of lime soda water treatment process is the addition of unnecessary excess sodium ions into the water and increase of pH value due to the excess carbonate ions. In order to avoid those issues, the lime soda water softening method was further improved by adding hydrochloric acid and alum. In the basic lime soda treatment …
Lime-soda method | chemistry | Britannica
lime-soda method. (Show more) water softening, the process of removing the dissolved calcium and magnesium salts that cause hardness in water. Unlike hard water, …
Comparison: Lime-Soda and Zeolite Process | Water Engineering
Careful handling is required because the materials, i.e., lime and soda are corrosive. 10. Economy: Process is economical and it can be easily combined with usual water treatment plant. 11. Hardness which can be Treated: Excessively hard waters, particularly those which are high in magnesium hardness can be treated. 12.
Byproduct Recovery from Reclaimed Water Reverse …
MOHAMMADESMAEILI et al. [2010] evaluated the RO concentrate treatment using soda-lime softening process and showed that efficiency of seawater desalination using soda-lime is 80 to 90%. NKWONTA ...
The Lime-Soda Ash Method of Softening
Lime-soda ash softening is used in most larger treatment plants to remove dissolved minerals, especially calcium and magnesium, which cause hardness in water. When lime …
This is the table of contents and a sample chapter from …
2 WSO Water Treatment Grade 3 Softening Water treatment often involves application of chemical principles to remove cal-cium bicarbonate, the cause of carbonate hardness. This is accomplished by adding slaked lime to the water: CaO + H 2 O Ca(OH) 2 + Heat calcium oxide (lime) calcium hydroxide (lime slurry or "slaked lime") Ca(OH) 2
Water Softening
Advantages of Lime -soda process: • Economical. • Easily combined with other water treatment methods. • Lime and soda used in combination with coagulants, reduces the dosage of coagulants. • Increases pH of water and thus reduces corrosion of pipes. • Increases pH which kills the pathogens.
Lime Softening
To raise the pH to the required levels, lime is added. There are a few variations of this type of softening process, including: lime softening; lime-soda ash softening; excess-lime treatment; split treatment; caustic …
Water softening | Definition, Process, & Results
lime-soda method. (Show more) water softening, the process of removing the dissolved calcium and magnesium salts that cause hardness in water. Unlike hard water, softened water will not form insoluble scale or …
Lime-Soda Ash Softening
The selection of lime, lime-soda ash, or caustic soda softening is based on cost, total dissolved solids crite-ria, sludge production, carbonate and noncarbonate …
THE RELATIVE MERITS OF LIME-SODA AND ZEOLITE …
In the lime-soda process enough lime and soda are added to the raw water to remove the calcium as calcium carbonate, and the magne- sium as magnesium hydrate. In the zeolite, or base exchange proc-. ess, the calcium and magnesium in the various compounds in the raw water are replaced by sodium from the zeolite, so that the.
Alkalinity Adjustment in my Wastewater Treatment Plant
The use of the following chemicals will address Alkalinity adjustment issues in your plants. Magnesium Hydroxide, Lime Slurry. Soda Ash. Caustic Soda. With so many options for alkalinity adjustment, there are three main options that are typically represented in the marketplace for Wastewater Treatment Plants (WWTP) when faced with this question ...
Lime Soda Process
Introduction Lime Soda process is a method of softening hard water. This process is now obsolete but was very useful for the treatment of large volumes of hard water. In this process Calcium and Magnesium ions are precipitated by the addition of lime (Ca(OH)2) and soda ash (Na2CO3). 2 3/3/2014
Lesson 18: Softening
Soda ash (Na 2 CO 3) comes in only one form and does not require any treatment before it is added to the water. Safety issues resemble those for lime handling. Soda ash dust irritates the eyes and mucous membranes …
Water Softening
Lime dose for excess lime process = carbonic acid concentration + total alkalinity + magnesium hardness + 60 mg/L excess lime = 19 + 305 + 84 + 60 = 468 mg/L as CaCO3 Or Lime dose = 346.32 mg/L as Ca(OH)2. 3.1.4. Estimation of the finished water hardness Usually, with the lime dose estimated from step 3.1.3, the final hardness of the water is
ALKALINITY ADDITION: THEORY AND BEST PRACTICE
Alkalinity is an often overlooked water quality parameter in water treatment. An imbalance in the alkalinity of the water can cause problems during the treatment process and in the reticulation. Increasing alkalinity is usually achieved through the addition of alkalis such as lime and soda ash. However, these methods can cause a rapid increase ...
Soda Lime
Soda Lime Formula Equation. The fundamental overall reaction of. CO2 C O 2. absorption with soda lime is as per the following;-. Ca(OH)2 + CO2 → CaCO3 + H2O C a ( O H) 2 + C O 2 → C a C O 3 + H 2 O. This reaction is generally delayed all alone, which is the reason the 'pop' part (sodium hydroxide) is added.