Solidification segregation-driven microstructural evolution of …
Here we employ the rare-earth element alloying strategy for microstructure and mechanical property tuning of a TaMo 0.5 NbZrTi 1.5 Al 0.1 refractory high entropy alloy (RHEA). The alloying of 0.4 at.% ... Effects of rare earth yttrium on microstructure and properties of Ni–16Mo–7Cr–4Fe nickel-based superalloy. Mater. Charact., 95 (2014 ...
Extraction and separation of yttrium from the rare earths …
The extraction behavior of yttrium and lanthanides with CA-12–TBP in kerosene solution is shown in Fig. 3, Fig. 4. Fig. 3 shows the effect of log D versus pH on the single rare earths and that on the mixture rare earths using the feed as aqueous is shown in Fig. 4 which is more representative and realistically for industry application. …
Recovery of Rare Earth Elements and Yttrium from Passive …
Rare earth elements and yttrium (REY) are raw materials of increasing importance for modern technologies, and finding new sources has become a pressing need. Acid mine drainage (AMD) is commonly considered an environmental pollution issue. However, REY concentrations in AMD can be several orders of magnitude higher than in naturally …
An economics strategy for criticality – Application to rare earth
The rare earth group comprises 15 Lanthanides in the periodic table with atomic numbers 57–71 and another two elements-Scandium and Yttrium. Because of similar physical and chemical characteristics, the lanthanide elements (especially the heavy REEs with atomic number 64–71) and Yttrium often occur together in nature [64] .
Facts About Yttrium | Live Science
Yttrium is also one of the rare-earth elements. Despite their name, rare-earth elements are rather plentiful around the world. The 17 …
Yttrium – Rare Earths Info Page
The process involves converting yttrium oxide to yttrium fluoride. By adding calcium in a vacuum induction furnace, it becomes a metal. Yttrium is one of the 17 rare earth elements. Learn more about its discovery, …
Yttrium and rare-earth modified lithium orthoborates: Glass formation
Glass formation and structure-property relations were explored in highly modified borate glasses containing high loads of rare-earth elements, whose crystalline analogues display a trigonal to tetrahedral borate phase transition (BO 3 3− → BØ 2 O 2 3−, where Ø and O − indicate bridging and non-bridging oxygen atoms). The resulting borate …
Yttrium Element | The Dangerous Element Yttrium | ChemTalk
Yttrium is usually found in rare earth mineral ores like monazite and bastnaesite; Yttrium is a silvery white, moderately soft, ductile metal. Yttrium on the Periodic Table. The symbol Y represents yttrium. Yttrium has an atomic number of 39, meaning there are 39 protons in its nucleus, and 39 electrons in its neutral form. Yttrium has many ...
Rare Earth Elements (Metals)
The rare earth elements (REEs) or rare earth metals (REMs) are a group of metals found within the same ores and possessing similar chemical properties. Scientists and engineers disagree on exactly which element should be included in a list of the rare earths, but they generally include the fifteen lanthanide elements, plus scandium and …
Rare Earths Statistics and Information | U.S.
The most abundant rare earth elements are cerium, yttrium, lanthanum and neodymium [2]. They have average crustal abundances that are similar to commonly used industrial …
Enrichment and sources of REY in phosphate fractions
1. Introduction. Rare earth elements and yttrium (REY) constitute an important tool for studying biogeochemical cycling and sedimentary processes in the ocean (Elderfield and Greaves, 1982, Paul et al., 2019b).However, the ambiguity of marine REY budgets, in addition to questions regarding the process of REY migration from seawater …
Yttrium, Chemical Element
Yttrium occurs in most rare earth minerals. A rare earth mineral contains one or more—usually many—of the rare earth elements. The most important rare earth mineral is monazite. Monazite occurs in many places in the world, especially Brazil, Australia, Canada, and parts of the United States. Typically, monazite contains about 3 percent yttrium.
Rare Earth Element
Rare earth elements (REEs) represent the group of 17 elements comprising 15 lanthanides, plus yttrium (Y) and scandium (Sc) (Table 1). Among the REEs, yttrium was discovered first in 1794 by a Finish chemist, Johan Gadolin who isolated an oxide and called it "yttria," in a mineral collected from a quarry near the village of Ytterby in Sweden.
A review of anomalous rare earth elements and yttrium in …
1. Introduction. The demand for rare earth elements (REE) and yttrium has grown due to their wide applications as metal catalysts, phosphors, light-emitting diodes, permanent magnets, various components for renewable green energy equipment, and batteries (Pecht et al., 2012, Hower et al., 2016).The importance of REE has been …
Chemostratigraphy of deep-sea sediments in the western …
It has been recognized that deep-sea sediments containing high concentrations of rare earth elements and yttrium (REY), termed "REY-rich mud", are widely distributed in the Pacific Ocean (Kato et al., 2011, Yasukawa et al., 2016).REY-rich mud has also been reported from the Indian and Atlantic oceans (Menendez et al., 2017, …
Yttrium | History, Uses, Facts, Physical & Chemical …
Occurrence. Yttrium is rare earth mineral found in uranium ores. It is not present in free form. It is considered as the 28 th most abundant element in the earth's crust. It is present in rare earth ores, such as laterite clays, gadolinite (silicate especially iron, beryllium, yttrium, cerium and erbium), euxenite and xenotime (yttrium orthophosphate) are most …
Rare earths, the lanthanides, yttrium and scandium
The major supplier, Molycorp, continued to maintain a large stockpile of rare-earth concentrates and compounds. Consumption decreased of refined rare-earth products. The United States remained a major importer and exporter of rare earths in 2005. During the same period, yttrium was not mined or refined in the US. Hence, supply of …
Efficient and sustainable separation of yttrium from heavy rare earth …
The separation of adjacent rare earth (RE) is one of the most difficult separation tasks, especially the separation and purification of yttrium (Y) from heavy rare earth (HREE). In the traditional Y separation process, the organic phase composed of acidic extractants such as naphthenic acid (HA) and neodecanoic acid (NDA) need to be …
Introducing Yttrium: History, Discovery, And Properties
Yttrium is an element in the periodic table with an atomic number of 39 and an atomic mass of 88.9. It is a silvery-white, rare Earth metal with a bright, lustrous appearance and low density. As a member of the lanthanide group, Yttrium is a transition metal, and is considered to be a moderately hard metal. It has a melting point of 1522°C …
Adsorption of rare earth yttrium and ammonium ions on …
The rare earth elements (REEs) are a group of 15 lanthanide elements (from La to Lu) plus the chemically similar yttrium (Y) and scandium (Sc) [].They have an essential role in permanent magnets, lamp phosphors, rechargeable batteries, catalysts, and other applications [2, 3].As the main source of medium and heavy REEs in the …
Bioconcentration of Rare Earth Elements lanthanum, …
Printed in Great Britain 0045-6535/97 $17.00+0.00 PH: S0045-6535(97)00031-3 BIOCONCENTRATION OF RARE EARTH ELEMENTS LANTHANUM, GADOLINIUM AND YTTRIUM IN ALGAE (Chlorella Vulgarize Beijerinek): INFLUENCE OF CHEMICAL SPECIES Sun Hao Wang Yiaorong' Wang Liansheng The Department of …
Rare Earth Elements: Where in the World Are …
Rare earth elements are one group of metals that are critical for a greener economy, and the location of their reserves are increasingly valuable. ... (Ho), erbium (Er), thulium (Tm), ytterbium (Yb), …
Behind of the criticality for rare earth elements: …
Yttrium (Y), mainly using for phosphors, is considered as one of critical rare earth elements (REEs) in several countries. However, its flows and stocks in the whole …
The accumulation of rare-earth yttrium ions by
To obtained fungal resources with excellent tolerance and accumulation capacity to rare earth yttrium ions (Y 3+), rare earth ore samples were collected and used for microbial screening.A fungus hyper-resistant to Y 3+ was obtained and the effects of the fungus in three physiological states (growth process, mycelial pellets with physiological …
Effect of the Rare Earth Element Yttrium on the Structure …
The effects of rare earth yttrium with 0.1, 0.2 and 0.5 atomic ratios on the microstructure and properties of FeCoNi1.5CuB high-entropy alloy were investigated. The results show that the lattice distortion of the matrix alloy is increased after yttrium addition. There are three characteristic zones: the bulk trivalent boride phase zone, basement …
Rare-earth elements in the circular economy: The case of yttrium
Yttrium belongs to REEs and more precisely to the heavy rare-earth element group (Jowitt et al., 2018). REEs play a critical role in many sophisticated technologies in the automotive, renewable and defence sectors, and contribute to the increased efficiency and performance of products.
Rare earth elements: A review of applications
Xenotime deposits (xenotime is a rare earth phosphate mineral which is a rich source of yttrium and heavy rare earths) in Madhya Pradesh, carbonatite-alkaline complex in Ambadongar, Gujarat, polymetallic mineralization in Siwana Ring Complex, Rajasthan (Banerjee et al., 2014) are some of the promising areas for REE exploration and …
Ecological Risk Assessment of Neodymium and Yttrium on Rare Earth …
The rare earth elements (REEs) are a group of metals including the lanthanide series plus scandium and yttrium (Cornell 1993).They are critical components of many high-technology and clean energy products, such as electromobiles, wind turbines, and intelligent electric devices (USEPA 2012).In China, REEs were also widely used as …
Mineral Commodity Summaries 2022
Mixtures of rare-earth chlorides containing yttrium or scandium as the predominant metal 2846.90.2082 Free. Yttrium-bearing materials and compounds containing by weight >19% to <85% Y 2 O 3 2846.90.4000 Free. Other rare-earth compounds, including yttrium and other compounds 2846.90.8000 3.7% ad valorem.