The optical rubidium atomic frequency standard at AFRL
We present a compact optical frequency standard based on two-photon spectroscopy at 778 nm in a rubidium vapor cell. We demonstrate fractional instability of 3e-13/, √τ/s for timescales up to 10,000 s. Additionally, we describe a secondary system operation in which the short-term stability is improved (though at the expense of the long-term stability) …
[2312.06078] Comparison and analysis of methods for …
The spin transverse relaxation time (T_2) of atoms is an important indicator for precision measurement. Several methods have been proposed to characterize the T_2 of atoms. In this paper, the T_2 of rubidium (Rb) atomic vapor in the same cell was measured using four measuring methods, namely spin noise spectrum signal fitting, …
Effects of a series of large flares from a sunspot …
Very Low Frequency (VLF) signals have small attenuation, long distance, stable amplitude and phase propagation, and good predictability. VLF signals propagate …
Advanced space rubidium atomic frequency …
The lamp-pumped passive Rubidium Atomic Frequency Standards (RAFS) are preferred as space clocks due to their competitive small size, light weight, and low power …
A pulsed-Laser Rb atomic frequency standard for GNSS …
Rubidium collisions with buffer gas atoms/molecules cause a relaxation of the atomic observables. For our buffer gas composition and at the operational temperature of 65 °C the relaxation rates of atomic population and coherence in the ground state are γ 1 = 360 s −1 and γ 2 = 300 s −1, respectively. In this way, the signal decay time is ...
Novel rubidium atomic beam with an alkali dispenser source
The atomic beam is created with a 2cm long Rubidium dispenser oven [11]. The entire collimated cone is therefore filled by the beam and the finite angle of this cone will result in a finite ...
[2111.09572] Enhancement of spin noise spectroscopy of rubidium atomic …
We measured the spin noise spectroscopy (SNS) of rubidium atomic ensemble with two different atomic vapor cells (filled with the buffer gases or coated with paraffin film on the inner wall), and demonstrated the enhancement of signal to noise ratio (SNR) by using of the polarization squeezed state (PSS) of 795 nm light field with Stokes …
APM has developed a new rubidium atomic clock, setting a …
The team developed a rubidium atomic clock that achieved a short-term frequency stability measurement result of 9.0×10-14 τ-1/2 (1s~100s), marking the first time the frequency stability index of a rubidium atomic clock has reached the 10-14 τ-1/2 level. This technological breakthrough further expands China's leading advantage in rubidium ...
Introduction to Atomic Clocks | SpringerLink
Abstract. There are many kinds of atomic clocks. This section starts with the generic considerations, and then describes commercially available rubidium, cesium, and hydrogen clocks. Chip-scale atomic clocks are typically based on rubidium but far less precise, because they are designed for minimal size, weight, and power (SWaP).
Realization of a Rubidium Atomic Frequency …
Lamp-pumped rubidium atomic frequency standard (RAFS) is one of the most commonly utilized atomic frequency standards. Over the past few decades, the …
Theoretical analysis of the operation of an optically pumped rubidium …
Abstract: The principle of operation of an optically pumped rubidium atomic beam clock is presented. Theoretical evaluation of the signal-to-noise ratio (S/N) of the detection of the atomic transition and the line Q factor of the device are performed. The medium-term frequency stability of the standard is determined.
Rubidium Atomic Clocks and Oscillators
The RAFS The Rubidium Atomic Frequency Standard is 10.00 MHz which is a space-qualified frequency standard by which all atomic clocks are measured by. The 10.00 MHz frequency is derived by the spectral absorption line of the Rb87 isotope. is a cost-effective, ultra-high-performance, space-qualified rubidium frequency standard.
Atomic Data for Rubidium (Rb)
Rb I Ground State 1s 2 2s 2 2p 6 3s 2 3p 6 3d 1 0 4s 2 4p 6 5s 2 S 1 / 2 Ionization energy 33690.81 cm-1 (4.177128 eV) Ref. J61b Rb II Ground State 1s 2 2s 2 2p 6 3s 2 3p 6 3d 1 0 4s 2 4p 6 1 S 0 Ionization energy 220105.0 cm-1 (27.2895 eV) Ref. R75-1 …
Observation and Analysis of VLF Nocturnal …
It is mainly composed of four parts: receiving antenna, digital VLF software radio receiver, rubidium atomic frequency scale, and computer (Niu et al. 2009, 2014b; …
Accurate rubidium atomic fountain frequency standard
From the uncertainties of measured and calculated systematic frequency shifts, the fractional frequency accuracy is estimated to be 3.7 × 10 −16. The fractional frequency stability, limited predominantly by noise in the local oscillator, is measured to be 7 × 10 −16 after one day of averaging. Based on the proposed quasi-continuous regime ...
Atomic Antenna Uses Lasers | Hackaday
A recent paper in Applied Physics Letters explains an atomic antenna comprised of a rubidium vapor cell. The interesting thing is that the antenna has no electrical components in the antenna, and ...
Solid-state ensemble of highly entangled photon sources at rubidium
Solid-state sources that emit single pairs of entangled photons are a key element in quantum information technology. Polarization-entangled photons from atomic cascades were first used to test ...
(PDF) CPT atomic clock based on rubidium 85
Yamil Moreno. This thesis concerns the development, study, and optimisation of compact and high-performance frequency references based on rubidium (Rb) vapour cells1. More specially, two Rb vapour-cell frequency references are studied: an optical-frequency reference at 1.5 μm and a double-resonance pulsed optically pumped (POP) atomic clock.
Observation and Analysis of VLF Nocturnal Multimode
The VLF signal received by the antenna is sampled after passing through the low noise amplifier, anti-aliasing filter and automatic gain control. The standard sampling interval of the sampling pulse circuit used is provided by the rubidium atomic frequency standard. After sampling, conduct A/D conversion and input to the computer.
Vol. July Control of WWV and WWVH Standard …
A rubidium atomic frequency standard directly controlled the 60 kc/s broadcast from August 1961 to June 1963. Casual checks revealed no appreciable errors introduced into …
Inside A Rubidium Frequency Standard | Hackaday
A voltage-controlled oscillator excites the cell with a 6.8 GHz signal. Rubidium atoms can exist in three states. Because of a filter in the system, the cell will …
Photonics | Free Full-Text | Research on the Frequency
To achieve high-frequency stability on the external cavity diode laser (ECDL), a 780 nm ECDL serves as the seed light source, and its frequency is precisely locked to the saturated absorption peak of rubidium (Rb) atoms using modulation transfer spectroscopy (MTS) technology. For improving the performance of frequency locking, the …
(PDF) Rubidium Atomic Clock for Galileo
Description: Rubidium Atomic Frequency Standard - SPACE RUSO FOR GALILEO Model Type: Serial Mission Time= 87600.0000 hrs. Basic: FR= 0.679285 f/million hrs.
A Rubidium Atomic Frequency Standard with Stability at
Among several kinds of traditional atomic clocks, rubidium atomic clock shows more extensive applications for its small size, low power and simple structure. In last 20 years, driven by the demands of satellite navigation and relevant fields, the Rb atomic clock has been greatly improved on its frequency stability.
mRO-50 Atomic Clock
The mRO-50 Rubidium Atomic Clock A clock that uses vibrations of a molecular or atomic system, rather than mechanical systems, to keep time. They are the most exact—and most expensive—clocks available. is a breakthrough low SWaP-C Miniaturized Rubidium Oscillator designed to meet the latest commercial, military and aerospace requirements …
Rubidium Standards
4210A Rubidium Frequency Standard. The ptf 4210A Rubidium Frequency Standard is a unique solution for providing a highly stable, low phase noise, frequency reference for applications requiring atomic reference stability performance.The instrument contains a high performance rubidium module, with an extended life design, and very low aging …
Improving the start-up characteristics of the rubidium atomic …
For decades, the vapor-cell Rubidium Atomic Frequency Standard (RAFS) has been the most extensively used form of the atomic clock globally, 1,2 with applications spanning from commercial to aerospace. 3 To a great extent, this phenomenon is attributable to the excellent performance of the rubidium atomic clock, which include a …
Rubidium: An Introduction To This Alkali Metal Element
The atomic mass of rubidium is 85.468, and its relative atomic mass is 85.468 amu. Its atomic number is 37, which makes it the second lightest alkali metal. Its atomic radius is 2.17 angstroms, and its electronegativity is 0.82 on the Pauling scale. It has five stable isotopes, and a half-life of 48.8 days. ...
'Quantum Radio' May Aid Communications and …
NIST physicist Dave Howe aligns a laser beam to pass through a tiny glass cell of rubidium atoms inside the cylindrical …
Rubidium | Chemistry Online
Definition of terms in the previous table. Atomic weight: The average mass of an element's atoms, typically given in atomic mass units (amu).; Natural form: The most stable and abundant form of an element that occurs naturally in the environment.; Electron configuration: The arrangement of electrons in an atom or molecule.; Melting point: The …